Is stress an adult thing? NO. Children are equally at risk of experiencing stress, too. However, their experiences are quite different from those of adults. In children, signs of stress are usually seen in physiological and behavioural changes when experiencing childhood stress. Children’s response to stress will depend upon how old they are, their personalities, and the nature of their coping strategy.

What is stress?

Before we identify the signs of stress, it is essential to understand what it is and what causes children to experience it. Experts have defined stress as any event that threatens or is seen as threatening to sense one’s well-being and burden one’s coping abilities. This threat can be to one’s immediate physical safety, long-term security, self-esteem, reputation, or peace of mind.

Common Causes of Stress in Children

1. Academic pressure/Frustration – According to psychologists, frustration is a feeling that occurs when we encounter obstacles while pursuing our goals. For example, a child is waiting to start writing his exam. The child is well-prepared and confident about his performance. However, before starting, they realize they have forgotten their pens at home and will have to write with a ball pen. He is not used to writing with any other kind of pen. This is likely to make the child frustrated and will affect his performance in the exam.

 2. Family/Internal conflicts – Conflicts usually occur when a person has to choose between two contradictory but equally desirable options. For example, a child who wants to play with their friends must complete their schoolwork beforehand.

 3. Peer relationships – Children also experience pressure when their performance is constantly compared with other children. Pressure to conform becomes more evident as children enter their teenage years. Most children would want to fit in with their peers and be liked by them. There is pressure to dress and behave in a certain way or have a pre-decided social media presence to be able to be a part of the group.

 4. Transitions or changes – Major life events alter one’s living conditions and require significant readjustment. Divorce of parents, death, or moving can create a sense of confusion and insecurity in children. Even happy events like sibling birth can make a child feel threatened. Major life events are not the only sources of stress. Routine hassles also significantly contribute to our stress levels. Traffic, homework, juggling from school to extracurriculars, or coaching classes can cause significant stress for children. Many experts believe that routine hassles can have a cumulative or additive impact. In other words, these events can cause stress to increase.

 5. Health – Children who are obese are likely to experience fat-shaming (making someone feel embarrassed or ashamed about their weight by criticizing the person). Fat shaming can happen directly (name-calling or teasing) or indirectly (for instance, a parent who persuades their child to work out, makes them lose weight and excessively emphasizes their intention.)

Signs of stress in children:

Symptoms of childhood stress can either be emotional, behavioural, or physiological.

1. Behavioural symptoms include aggression, temper tantrums, clinginess, nail-biting, difficulty concentrating, getting into trouble at school, refusing to go to school, and withdrawal from family or friends.

 2. Emotional symptoms are becoming easily irritable, moodiness, fear and crying. Physiological symptoms include decreased or increased appetite, bedwetting, complaints of stomach aches or headaches and sleep problems.

 3. Physiological changes – Children may not be able to understand their stress. Parents are also likely to confuse signs of stress as a health-related issue. Many children may not be comfortable talking or expressing that they are undergoing some difficulties. Be mindful of the changes in your child’s behaviour. It will help you to address the problems before they further impact your child.

How can children deal with stress?

As parents, caregivers, and educators, there are various strategies we can employ to help children manage stress effectively:

1. Open Communication – Encourage children to express their feelings and concerns openly. Creating a safe and supportive environment for them to talk about their experiences is crucial.

2. Establish a Routine – A structured daily routine provides children stability and predictability. This can help reduce feelings of anxiety and insecurity.

3. Physical Activity – Encourage children to engage in regular exercise and outdoor play. Physical activity is an excellent way to release pent-up energy and reduce stress.

 4. Relaxation Techniques – Teach relaxation exercises like deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or mindfulness. These techniques can help children manage their stress and anxiety.

How can parents play a supportive role?

Supportive adults play a crucial role in helping children navigate stress. Here are some ways you can assist:

1. Listen and Validate: Be an empathetic listener. Acknowledge their feelings and reassure them that it’s okay to feel the way they do. Validation is an integral part of coping with stress.

 2. Provide Reassurance – Offer words of comfort and assurance. Reassure children that you are loved and are there to help them through challenging times.

3. Provide Guidance – Help children navigate challenges and teach them problem-solving skills. Encourage a positive and constructive approach to resolving issues.

If a child’s stress is prolonged or significantly impacting their well-being, it’s essential to consult a mental health professional. They can provide appropriate guidance and support tailored to the child’s needs. Understanding how children experience stress is crucial for creating a nurturing environment that supports them in managing stress effectively. By recognizing the physical, emotional, and behavioural reactions to childhood stress and employing supportive strategies, we can help children build resilience for a healthier and more stable future. Remember that children are resilient, and with the right support, they can overcome stress and grow into emotionally healthy adults.